What components make up a turbocharger?

The correct choice highlights the essential components that constitute a turbocharger, which significantly enhances engine efficiency and performance. A turbocharger operates by using exhaust gas to drive a turbine that is connected to a compressor via a common shaft.

The turbine housing directs the flow of exhaust gases onto the turbine wheel, which converts the energy of that gas flow into mechanical energy. This energy drive then causes the compressor wheel, located in the compressor housing, to draw in fresh air and compress it before it enters the engine's intake manifold. The ability to utilize exhaust gases for driving the turbine results in improved intake air pressure and density, which translates to enhanced engine power and efficiency.

The other options present components that are essential in their own contexts but do not represent the critical structure of a turbocharger. For instance, fuel injectors and air intake are vital elements in fuel delivery systems but do not form part of the turbocharger assembly. Similarly, the throttle body and intake manifold manage air flow into the engine but are not directly involved in the boosting process that the turbocharger offers. The turbine housing and exhaust manifold serve different functions within the broader scope of engine operation and do not comprise the complete turbocharger mechanism.