What typically makes up the core of a transformer because of its ability to improve magnetic fields?

The core of a transformer is typically made of soft iron due to its properties that enhance magnetic fields. Soft iron is highly permeable, meaning it easily allows magnetic lines of force to pass through it, which is critical for efficient magnetic coupling between the primary and secondary coils of the transformer. This high permeability significantly increases the efficiency of the transformer by effectively channeling the magnetic flux produced by the current flowing through the coils.

The choice of soft iron is important because it can be magnetized and demagnetized very easily, reducing energy losses that occur as a result of hysteresis and eddy currents. These losses can be mitigated by using laminated layers of soft iron to further improve performance.

While other materials such as copper wire and aluminum are excellent conductors of electricity, they do not possess the magnetic properties needed to improve magnetic fields within a transformer. Silicon steel, although it has better electrical resistance than standard steel and reduces losses due to eddy currents, is not as effective as soft iron in maximizing magnetic flux. Therefore, soft iron is typically favored in transformer core construction for its superior magnetic characteristics.