Which characteristic describes SAE 5W-40 oil?

The characteristic of SAE 5W-40 oil indicates its viscosity ratings according to the Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) standards for engine oils. The "5W" designates the oil's viscosity at low temperatures (the "W" stands for winter), meaning that it behaves like a viscosity rating of 5 when cold. This is beneficial for engine starts in colder conditions, as it allows for easier flow.

The "40" signifies that at higher temperatures, the oil has a viscosity akin to that of a 40-weight oil. This higher viscosity at operating temperatures ensures that the oil provides sufficient protection and maintains proper lubrication as the engine heats up during operation.

This dual-rating system allows for a versatile oil that can perform effectively in varying temperature conditions, making it suitable for a range of climates and driving situations. In contrast, the other options provided refer to different viscosity ratings that do not accurately represent the dual characteristics of a 5W-40 oil.